Every single picture of a WWII bird shows lots of rivets, you must not apply much zoom to be striken for hundred of them Even in best pictures, and applying a good amount of zoom, barely can be distinguished a few rivets; those planes had almost no rivets!. Here, the question: why?. Did germans invented the epoxy too?
Click to expand So the reason for the "no rivets look" is that they was countersunk rivets and they were not caught for the camera. I believed that it was due to some different constructive method, other than rivets, the answer was more simple. Well, Flyboy, thanks for the answer. Last edited: Apr 4, Originally the Spitfire was based on the He The filler was thrown away, as it added too much weight for the reduction in drag.
However, the flush Rivets were copied so too was probably the elliptical wing. There are letters to and from Ernst Heinkel and Reginald Mitchells assistants - very friendly ones too, where they happily give away their secrets. Domed rivets were also tested on the Spitfire - using Lentils, glued over the flush rivets. The desired goal was reduced production costs and time thugh, not the advantages FlyboyJ suggests though those may have been advantages too, thanks Flyboy!
The reduction in top speed was considered too great to be worth it though, however. Sweb Senior Airman. Not sure here, memory is getting old so maybe Joe can correct. I think the first use of the flush degree countersunk rivet was on the Hughes H I think it was Hughes Aircraft that came up with the flush rivet.
While Hughes should be recognized for many accomplishments, the flush rivet is not one of them! Check out what kinds of rivets are used today in the Aerospace industry. Stainless steel is one of the most common materials in which handles are made. Consisting of iron, carbon and We use cookies to improve your experience. By your continued use of this site you accept such use. In , when German U-boats were taking a tremendous toll on U.
Donald Douglas turned down the project, and Kaiser enlisted Hughes. Development proved too slow for Kaiser, and when he pulled out, Hughes renamed the airplane the H-4 Hercules. Eventually, the world's largest flying boat was completed and moved overland from the Hughes factory in Culver City, Calif. Terminal Island.
Because the airframe was mostly made of wood, it acquired the nickname "Spruce Goose. On Nov. He never attempted to fly it again. Timing did not help the Hercules. Postwar military downsizing, combined with a military mindset that did not support using large airlift aircraft to ferry troops and equipment worldwide, doomed the project. Hughes did eventually find success with military flying machines.
By , the Hughes Toolco Aircraft Division was reformed as Hughes Helicopters, which competed for both commercial and military helicopter contracts.
Hughes Helicopters was acquired by McDonnell Douglas in Hughes' creative and inventive mind extended well beyond the Earth's atmosphere. At the age of 11, Hughes had built his own shortwave radio from scratch and taught himself Morse code. He believed that, in the future, people everywhere would be able to communicate with one another instantaneously.
Another problem with the shaved flush rivet is the shaving procedure removes the center indent or other indication normally provided to identify the material from which the rivet is made. Also, when a shaved head rivet is inadvertently installed into a countersink which is too shallow, the shaving operation destroys the inspectability of the error and removes too much of the rivet head.
This can cause the head to fail by "cupping" in service. Another cause for concern with the prior art rivets is that shaving rivets made from monel and other relatively hard materials required in modern titanium structures, costs five times more than shaving aluminum rivets.
The rivet of the present invention is comprised of a cylindrical shank with a head on one end that has a conical underbody flared uniformly outward from the shank and truncated by an upper surface that is the minor part of a filled torus.
The rivet head fits into a dimpled or countersink aperture prepared for it in the surface of the workpiece with its central head portion just above the surface and the head periphery just below the surface. This shaping assures that the head material can never contact the adjacent surface around the countersink during installation. Therefore, the head material flows downwardly and outwardly as is desired to completely fill the aperture and countersink and to expand the rivet shank sufficiently to assure that optimum compressive forces are applied to the material forming the walls of the aperture.
The obtaining of optimum compressive forces markedly improves the fatigue strength of the riveted joint. In the present method, the crown flush rivet tends to be self-centering and does not drive off center as sometimes happens with a shaved flush rivet or a domed shape rivet without a flat central surface. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a flush rivet which does not require rivet head shaving after driving.
Another object is to provide means which improve the fatigue life of the structural members through which the rivets extend. Another object is to provide a flush rivet whose center indent remains after installation thereby permitting easier rivet removal during the service repair.
Another object is to provide a flush rivet that self indicates an improper installation procedure. These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent after considering the following detailed specification which covers a preferred embodiment thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein:.
Referring to the drawing more particularly by reference numbers, number 10 in FIG. The rivet 10 includes a rivet head 12 of height G which is integral with a cylindrical shank 14 of diameter A. The head 12 and shank 14 cooperate when driven to secure together two or more structural members 16 and The rivet head 12 has a conical undersurface 20 which flares uniformly outward from the cylindrical shank
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